Foreign Legion in the Sahara

[Jim McDougall]

Thank you for entering this, really does add interesting perspective to the entire Foreign Legion situation, and its great to know more on just how complex this area of military history really was.

[kronckew]

Let us not forget the Leal Legião Lusitana, Britain's 'Foreign Legion'.

The Loyal Lusitanian Legion (LLL) was a foreign volunteer corps of the British Army, organized with Portuguese émigrés in England, that fought in the Peninsular War. The LLL was created by the initiative of Portuguese Army Colonels José Maria Moura and Carlos Frederico Lecor – exiled in England after the occupation of Portugal by the Napoleonic Army – and the Portuguese Ambassador in London Chevalier de Sousa, with the support of the British government.

As a light infantry unit, the Loyal Lusitanian Legion received green uniforms similar to those of the British rifles regiments. Furthermore, green was the livery colour of the Portuguese Royal House of Braganza, to whom the Legion remained loyal. The Legião was disbanded as a British unit in 1811, and transferred back to the reorganized and highly competent Royal Portuguese Army that helped Wellington kick the French out of Portugal and Spain. See also the 'Battle of Buçaco ', one of the pivotal battles of the peninsular war where they supported Wellington as he retreated behind the famous 'Lines of Torres Vedras' where The French were ultimately defeated and forced out of Portugal and then Spain.

Nappy's Portuguese Legion was, of course, the enemy of the Brits and the legitimate Portuguese Govt., conscripted from the remnants of the defeated Portuguese Army. I don't suppose they cared much for sunny Moscow.

Lusitania (named after the Roman province in Western Europe, corresponding to modern Portugal) was also the name of a ship whose sinking by the Germans helped convince the USA to enter the 1st World War on the UK side. Worth mentioning again, England (UK) and Portugal have been allies continuously, without a break, since 1373; the world's oldest ongoing alliance.


Ref: Wikipedia, Buçaco (Bussaco) Military Museum

[midelburgo]

All this mess of recreating legions and legionaires actually started with Henri II Valois in 1558. They had a bad start at the battle of Gravelines.

[fernando]

Actually were the Romans that started it, before 107 BC .

[kronckew]

Originally Posted by fernando

Actually were the Romans that started it, before 107 BC .

The Roman Manipular Legions were started in the 4th century b.c. The Marian reforms of 107 b.c. produced the 'modern' legionary organization we think of as the Legions of the SPQR. They degenerated to smaller units in the late imperium as more non-citizens were allowed in the Legions, and less citizens were available and willing.

The earliest Marian legions were about 6000 strong, with 'foreign' auxiliary units of smaller size. Legionaries were citizens, and retired after a fixed term of 20 years or so. Later imperial legions varied. They retiree and were given a plot of land (usually in a conquered are where they were essentially reservists) and a pension.

Auxilliary soldiers were non-citizens who served their term, then earned their citizenship. So it's the Auxiliaries who were the Foreign part of the legion. Late 3-4c+ western Imperial legions degenerated and could be as small as 600, and were mostly foreign.