The inscription at the muzzle is part of Qur'an 8:17
وما رميت اذ رميت ولاكن (كذا) الله رمى
"And it was not you who threw when you threw, but rather it was God who threw"
The verse is about the divine assistance the Muslims received in the Battle of Badr, saying that when Muhammad threw (a spear, presumably), it was not in fact he who threw it but rather God. It makes a nice parallel to 'throwing' the shot of the rifle, though I've never seen it on firearms or any other type of arms for that matter.
Below this what looks like:
ما شاء الله سنه ١٢١٦
'What God has willed, year 1216 (?) (1801-2)'
The date is very worn, so I am not sure if I have read it right.
As to the other inscriptions at the breech end, they are very worn and I'd need much higher resolution images, though they look like they contain a name
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