[Philip]

Rick,

Here's an early version of the Spanish patilla miquelet lock made outside of Spain, in this case Brescia, in the region of Lombardy in northern Italy, ca 1630. Considering that the earliest surviving locks of Spanish origin are dated to about 1625, and those are in mature form, this Italian-made lock is an early attempt to copy the design. There is something "primitive" about it, note the shape of the lockplate which borrows heavily from wheellocks although the miquelet mechanism does not really warrant this shape. Also, the action is very stiff due to the overly heavy mainspring.

The reason I've posted this is that there are some elements of its design and function that clearly show where the Ottoman version of the miquelet was likely born. Note --

1. The horizontal reinforcing "bridge" connecting the priming pan with the cock pivot screw. This is not a characteristic of the overwhelming majority of European-made miquelets; this one and another example formerly in the W Keith Neal Collection and described by him as Spanish ca 1640 are two of the very few with this "bridge" The purpose of the bridge is most likely to brace the cock pivot against the pressure of the powerful mainspring, in light of the rather flimsy vertical bridle connecting said screw with the bottom edge of the lockplate. Evolution of the lock in Spain, Italy, and Portugal soon eliminated the need for the bridge, but Oriental countries copying the design kept to the original form without improvements.

2. The sear arm (which includes the half-cock sear stud and the extension which engages the trigger) operates via a "rocker" action on its mounting bracket, without the vertical pivot pin seen on just about every European lock made after ca. 1650. Virtually all Ottoman-made locks, up to the 19th cent., lack this pin as well. The mechanism works well enough with this more rudimentary design, although the use of a pivot pin allows for more precise operation which was a welcomed improvement as better shotguns were developed for the sport of wingshooting which became popular in southern Europe during the 17th cent.

3. The extraordinarily heavy mainspring on this lock became a feature of Balkan and Ottoman miquelet locks until their time of obsolescence. In contrast, the locks made in Italy and the Iberian improved greatly in ease of use during the 17th-18th cents. and by 1800, the balancing of main- and frizzen-spring tension and the introduction of roller bearings on better Spanish and Portuguese miquelets made them the equal of the best flintlocks made for sporting use in England or France.