Hello Alexi,
Welcome to the Forum. Its difficult to answer your questions without seeing photographs of the sword and markings. From what you have described, it is reasonable to assume that the blade is made by Clauberg (19th Cent.) and the Peter Munich-style marks were applied in Sudan as was the common practice. The sun and half-moon marks were common talisman marks, as were Koranic verses.
Munich was active c. 1595-1680. See attachment.
http://www.swordforum.com/forums/att...6&d=1044759177
1. Koranic verses were commonly applied during the Mahdist Era (c. 1885-1899 plus) and are not necessarily copies from earlier swords.
2. Without fotos all I can say is scratches are likely from repeated sharpening.
Please attach some pictures and no doubt others will add to my limited comments.
Regards,
Ed